Heat dissipation in electronic and mechanical systems is a central topic in thermal system design. Heat sources within a system vary, requiring creative solutions. Thermal analysis identifies heat sources and their interactions with the surrounding environment.
Heat Transfer Mechanisms:
Conduction
Heat transfer through a solid without particle movement, driven by thermal potential.
- Example: A metal plate with one hot end and one cold end will gradually equalize its temperature through conduction.
Convection
Heat transfer through fluid movement, involving heat exchange between solids and fluids.
- Types of Convection:
- Forced Convection: Driven by pumps or fans.
- Natural Convection: Occurs naturally without external forces.
Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation emitted by bodies, influenced by surface characteristics.
- Examples: Solar radiation, infrared, and ultraviolet waves.
A thermal system integrates all three heat transfer mechanisms (conduction, convection, and radiation) between materials of various sizes and properties.